Cellulose-based materials and containers made therefrom

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides cellulose-based material and containers utilizing the cellulose-based material. More particularly, the present disclosure provides cellulose-based material comprising strength-enhancing preparations and improved containers made with the strength-enhanced cellulose-based materials.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to cellulose-based material, andparticularly to containers utilizing the cellulose-based material. Moreparticularly, the present disclosure relates to cellulose-based materialcomprising strength-enhancing preparations and improved containers madewith the strength-enhanced cellulose-based materials.

SUMMARY

Containers are used to store, ship, and protect a multitude of productsfrom damage. Typically, such containers may be stacked on top of eachother during general use, thus exposing certain containers within thestack to significant weight loads. As a result, the strength of thecontainers and the materials that comprise the containers is of extremeimportance.

Moreover, environmental factors must be taken into consideration whendesigning containers. For instance, containers comprising cellulosicfibers are subject to swelling due to the absorbance of water by thefibers, thus weakening the containers. As a result, containers used inactivities that have a high relative humidity (e.g., the food supplychain) must be prepared with sufficient strength characteristics inorder to avoid weakening due to the humid conditions.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides cellulose-based materials andcontainers made therefrom that address the desired strength andperformance issues known in the art. A cellulose-based material inaccordance with the present disclosure includes cellulosic fibers,wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strengthchemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.Furthermore, the cellulose-based material in accordance with the presentdisclosure can be utilized in containers as described herein.

The cellulose-based materials and containers of the present disclosureprovide several advantages and improvements compared to the state of theart. First, the cellulose-based material including cellulosic fibersthat are treated with both a dry strength chemistry preparation and awet strength chemistry preparation provides significant strengthimprovement (i.e., a significant reduction in strength loss) that isobserved in both the cellulose-based material and containers made usingthe cellulose-based material. Further, the improvement in strength canbe observed at conditions of high relative humidity in order to providesignificant advantages for activities performed in such humidconditions. In addition, the cellulose-based materials and containers ofthe present disclosure are recyclable, repulpable, and capable of beingrecycled, which are highly desired from an environmental perspective.Moreover, a synergistic effect in strength improvement can be observedfor containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistrypreparation and a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-basedmaterials. This synergistic effect was surprising and unexpected.

In illustrative embodiments, a cellulose-based material comprisingcellulosic fibers is provided. For these embodiments, the cellulosicfibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistry preparation and ii)a wet strength chemistry preparation.

In illustrative embodiments, a container comprising a cellulose-basedmaterial comprising cellulosic fibers is provided. For theseembodiments, the cellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strengthchemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.

Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent tothose skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodimentsexemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presentlyperceived.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figuresin which:

FIG. 1 is a view of an exemplary containerboard formed from thecellulose-based material described herein. As shown in FIG. 1, twolinerboard compositions are provided for the outer layers of thecontainerboard and one medium composition is provided for the flutedinner layer that is sinusoidal in shape.

FIG. 2 shows that a higher BCT at 85% relative humidity for containersprepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry preparationplus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-based materials.

FIG. 3 shows a synergistic strength improvement was observed forcontainers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistrypreparation plus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-basedmaterials.

FIG. 4 shows that inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation plusa wet strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCTwhen normalized to 36 lbs/1000 ft² compared to other cellulose-basedmaterials that did not include a dry strength chemistry preparation.

FIG. 5 shows a synergistic strength improvement was observed forcontainers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistrypreparation plus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-basedmaterials.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In illustrative aspect, a cellulose-based material is provided. Thecellulose-based material comprises cellulosic fibers, wherein thecellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistrypreparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper-basedmaterial. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is paper. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper board. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a medium. A “medium” is wellknown in the art as an inner layer of a containerboard. For instance, insome embodiments, a medium may be fluted and/or sinusoidal in shape. Inan embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a liner. A “liner” iswell known in the art as an outer layer of a containerboard. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a containerboard. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is recyclable. For instance,cellulose-based materials are known in the art to be certified forrecycling. One such example of certification is by the Fibre BoxAssociation (FBA) and various certifications are well known in the art.

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin fibers. In anaspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise recycled fibers. In an aspect,the cellulosic fibers comprise a combination of virgin fibers andrecycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are capable ofbeing recycled. In an aspect, the cellulose-based material is capable ofbeing recycled.

The combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers may fall within oneof several different ranges. The combination may be one of the followingranges (in which the total percentage is 100%): about 1% to about 99%virgin fibers and about 1% to about 99% recycled fibers, about 5% toabout 95% virgin fibers and about 5% to about 95% recycled fibers, about10% to about 90% virgin fibers and about 10% to about 90% recycledfibers, about 15% to about 85% virgin fibers and about 15% to about 85%recycled fibers, about 20% to about 80% virgin fibers and about 20% toabout 80% recycled fibers, about 25% to about 75% virgin fibers andabout 25% to about 75% recycled fibers, about 30% to about 70% virginfibers and about 30% to about 70% recycled fibers, about 35% to about65% virgin fibers and about 35% to about 65% recycled fibers, about 40%to about 60% virgin fibers and about 40% to about 60% recycled fibers,about 45% to about 55% virgin fibers and about 45% to about 55% recycledfibers, about 48% to about 52% virgin fibers and about 48% to about 52%recycled fibers, and about 50% virgin fibers and about 50% recycledfibers.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation comprises analdehyde functionalized polymer. In an embodiment, the dry strengthchemistry preparation comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM). GPAMcan be supplied, for example, as Solenis Hercobond Plus 555 (aka BASFLuredur Plus 555), as Solenis Hercobond Plus HC (aka BASF Luredur PlusHC), or as other GPAM formulations known in the art.

In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers between1-16 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, theGPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In anembodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 drylbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibersat 8 dry lbs/ton.

In an aspect, the wet strength chemistry preparation comprises apolyamide resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is a polyamidoamineepihalohydrin resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is selected fromthe group consisting of EPI-Polyamide resin, Polyamide-Epichlorohydrinresin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamide resin. In an aspect, thepolyamide resin is Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE). The wetstrength chemistry preparation can be supplied, for example, as Kymene1500LV, as Nalco 63642, or as other wet strength chemistry formulationsknown in the art.

In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibersbetween 1-32 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers between 2-16 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, thepolyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers between 2-8 drylbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosicfibers at 2 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied tothe cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In anaspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 drylbs/ton.

In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with a sizing agent.In an embodiment, the sizing agent is an internal sizing agent. In anembodiment, the sizing agent is a surface sizing agent. In anembodiment, the sizing agent is alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). In anembodiment, the sizing agent is rosin. In an embodiment, the sizingagent is alkyl ketene dimer (AKD).

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at thesame time. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation sequentially, in either order. In an aspect, the cellulosicfibers are treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and thewet strength chemistry preparation separately. In an aspect, the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.

In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an enzymaticpreparation. In an embodiment, the enzymatic preparation comprises apolypeptide having amylase activity. In an embodiment, the cellulosicfibers are not treated with an enzymatic preparation.

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an anionic surfacepreparation. In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is an anionicpolyacrylamide. In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is acopolymer of acrylamide and unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, being(meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or anycombination thereof. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are not treatedwith an anionic surface preparation.

The cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure may bedetermined to have certain properties. For example, the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight. A basis weight is generally understood inthe paper making arts to represent the mass per unit of area of thecellulose-based materials. For instance, the cellulose-based materialsof the present disclosure can be contrasted to comparativecellulose-based materials having a similar basis weight in which thecomparative cellulose-based materials lack the wet strength chemistrypreparation, lack the dry strength chemistry preparation, or lack boththe wet strength chemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistrypreparation.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and ashort-span compression strength (SCT). Means of evaluating compressionstrength of a cellulose-based material via SCT (also known as “STFI”)are well known in the art. In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than acomparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. Inan embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.For instance, a “high relative humidity” can refer to a relativehumidity of 50% or greater, a relative humidity of 55% or greater, arelative humidity of 60% or greater, a relative humidity of 65% orgreater, a relative humidity of 70% or greater, a relative humidity of75% or greater, a relative humidity of 80% or greater, a relativehumidity of 85% or greater, a relative humidity of 90% or greater, or arelative humidity of 95% or greater.

In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment,the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment,the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT forthe cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inSCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, thesynergistic increase in SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. Thesynergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based materials of thepresent disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequent examples and wasunexpected.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight andshort-span compression strength index (SCT Index). Generally,determining the SCT Index of a cellulose-based material is well known inthe art by dividing the average SCT value of the cellulose-basedmaterial by the average basis weight of the cellulose-based material. Inan embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Index fora comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index isobserved at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Indexfor a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-makingmachine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having thebasis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relativehumidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a highrelative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Indexfor a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-makingmachine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having thebasis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relativehumidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a highrelative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCTIndex for the cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inSCT Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, thesynergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a high relativehumidity. The synergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-basedmaterials of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequentexamples and was unexpected.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and aConcora value. Means of evaluating flat crush of a cellulose-basedmaterial via Concora are well known in the art. In an embodiment, theConcora value is greater than a comparative Concora value for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greaterConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a comparativeConcora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed ata dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a comparativeConcora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed ata dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in Concoravalue for the cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment,the synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a high relativehumidity. The synergistic increase in Concora value for thecellulose-based materials of the present disclosure is demonstrated inthe subsequent examples and was unexpected.

In an illustrative aspect, a container comprising a cellulose-basedmaterial is provided. The container comprises cellulosic fibers, whereinthe cellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistrypreparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper-basedmaterial. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is paper. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper board. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a medium. A “medium” is wellknown in the art as an inner layer of a containerboard. For instance, insome embodiments, a medium may be fluted and/or sinusoidal in shape. Inan embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a liner. A “liner” iswell known in the art as an outer layer of a containerboard. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is a containerboard. In anembodiment, the cellulose-based material is recyclable. For instance,cellulose-based materials are known in the art to be certified forrecycling. One such example of certification is by the Fibre BoxAssociation (FBA) and various certifications are well known in the art.

In an embodiment, the container is corrugated cardboard.

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin fibers. In anaspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise recycled fibers. In an aspect,the cellulosic fibers comprise a combination of virgin fibers andrecycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are capable ofbeing recycled. In an aspect, the container is capable of beingrecycled.

The combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers may fall within oneof several different ranges. The combination may be one of the followingranges (in which the total percentage is 100%): about 1% to about 99%virgin fibers and about 1% to about 99% recycled fibers, about 5% toabout 95% virgin fibers and about 5% to about 95% recycled fibers, about10% to about 90% virgin fibers and about 10% to about 90% recycledfibers, about 15% to about 85% virgin fibers and about 15% to about 85%recycled fibers, about 20% to about 80% virgin fibers and about 20% toabout 80% recycled fibers, about 25% to about 75% virgin fibers andabout 25% to about 75% recycled fibers, about 30% to about 70% virginfibers and about 30% to about 70% recycled fibers, about 35% to about65% virgin fibers and about 35% to about 65% recycled fibers, about 40%to about 60% virgin fibers and about 40% to about 60% recycled fibers,about 45% to about 55% virgin fibers and about 45% to about 55% recycledfibers, about 48% to about 52% virgin fibers and about 48% to about 52%recycled fibers, and about 50% virgin fibers and about 50% recycledfibers.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation comprises analdehyde functionalized polymer. In an embodiment, the dry strengthchemistry preparation comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM). GPAMcan be supplied, for example, as Solenis Hercobond Plus 555 (aka BASFLuredur Plus 555), as Solenis Hercobond Plus HC (aka BASF Luredur PlusHC), or as other GPAM formulations known in the art.

In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers between1-16 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, theGPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In anembodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 drylbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibersat 8 dry lbs/ton.

In an aspect, the wet strength chemistry preparation comprises apolyamide resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is a polyamidoamineepihalohydrin resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is selected fromthe group consisting of EPI-Polyamide resin, Polyamide-Epichlorohydrinresin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamide resin. In an aspect, thepolyamide resin is Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE). The wetstrength chemistry preparation can be supplied, for example, as Kymene1500LV, as Nalco 63642, or as other wet strength chemistry formulationsknown in the art.

In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibersbetween 1-32 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers between 2-16 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, thepolyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers between 2-8 drylbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosicfibers at 2 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied tothe cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In anaspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 drylbs/ton.

In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with a sizing agent.In an embodiment, the sizing agent is an internal sizing agent. In anembodiment, the sizing agent is a surface sizing agent. In anembodiment, the sizing agent is alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). In anembodiment, the sizing agent is rosin. In an embodiment, the sizingagent is alkyl ketene dimer (AKD).

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at thesame time. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation sequentially, in either order. In an aspect, the cellulosicfibers are treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and thewet strength chemistry preparation separately. In an aspect, the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.

In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an enzymaticpreparation. In an embodiment, the enzymatic preparation comprises apolypeptide having amylase activity. In an embodiment, the cellulosicfibers are not treated with an enzymatic preparation.

In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an anionic surfacepreparation. In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is an anionicpolyacrylamide. In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is acopolymer of acrylamide and unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, being(meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or anycombination thereof. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are not treatedwith an anionic surface preparation.

The cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure may bedetermined to have certain properties. For example, the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight. A basis weight is generally understood inthe paper making arts to represent the mass per unit of area of thecellulose-based materials. For instance, the cellulose-based materialsof the present disclosure can be contrasted to comparativecellulose-based materials having a similar basis weight in which thecomparative cellulose-based materials lack the wet strength chemistrypreparation, lack the dry strength chemistry preparation, or lack boththe wet strength chemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistrypreparation.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and ashort-span compression strength (SCT). Means of evaluating compressionstrength of a cellulose-based material via SCT (also known as “STFI”)are well known in the art. In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than acomparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. Inan embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.For instance, a “high relative humidity” can refer to a relativehumidity of 50% or greater, a relative humidity of 55% or greater, arelative humidity of 60% or greater, a relative humidity of 65% orgreater, a relative humidity of 70% or greater, a relative humidity of75% or greater, a relative humidity of 80% or greater, a relativehumidity of 85% or greater, a relative humidity of 90% or greater, or arelative humidity of 95% or greater.

In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment,the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment,the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In anembodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT forthe cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inSCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, thesynergistic increase in SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. Thesynergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based materials of thepresent disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequent examples and wasunexpected.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight andshort-span compression strength index (SCT Index). Generally,determining the SCT Index of a cellulose-based material is well known inthe art by dividing the average SCT value of the cellulose-basedmaterial by the average basis weight of the cellulose-based material. Inan embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Index fora comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index isobserved at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Indexfor a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-makingmachine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having thebasis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relativehumidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a highrelative humidity.

In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Indexfor a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-makingmachine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having thebasis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In anembodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relativehumidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a highrelative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCTIndex for the cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inSCT Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, thesynergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a high relativehumidity. The synergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-basedmaterials of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequentexamples and was unexpected.

In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and aConcora value. Means of evaluating flat crush of a cellulose-basedmaterial via Concora are well known in the art. In an embodiment, theConcora value is greater than a comparative Concora value for acomparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greaterConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a comparativeConcora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed ata dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a comparativeConcora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed ata dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in Concoravalue for the cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparativecellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the synergistic increase inConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment,the synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a high relativehumidity. The synergistic increase in Concora value for thecellulose-based materials of the present disclosure is demonstrated inthe subsequent examples and was unexpected.

The containers of the present disclosure may be determined to havecertain properties. For example, the containers can comprise acellulose-based material having a basis weight. A basis weight isgenerally understood in the paper making arts to represent the mass perunit of area of the cellulose-based materials. For instance, thecontainers of the present disclosure can be contrasted to comparativecontainers comprising cellulose-based materials having a similar basisweight in which the comparative cellulose-based materials lack the wetstrength chemistry preparation, lack the dry strength chemistrypreparation, or lack both the wet strength chemistry preparation and thedry strength chemistry preparation.

In an embodiment, the container has a box compression strength (BCT50)measured at 50% relative humidity. In an embodiment, the BCT50 isgreater than a comparative box compression strength (CBCT50) measured at50% relative humidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT50 is greater than aCBCT50 measured at 50% relative humidity of a comparative containercomprising comparative cellulose-based material made on the papermachine at the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the BCT50 is greater than a comparativebox compression strength CBCT50 measured at 50% relative humidity of acomparative container comprising comparative cellulose-based materialmade on the paper machine at the basis weight and lacking the wetstrength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in BCT50 for the container in comparison to thecomparative container. The synergistic increase in BCT50 for thecontainers of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequentexamples and was unexpected.

In an embodiment, the container has a box compression strength (BCT85)measured at 85% relative humidity. In an embodiment, the BCT85 isgreater than a comparative box compression strength (CBCT85) measured at85% relative humidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT85 is greater than aCBCT85 measured at 85% relative humidity of a comparative containercomprising comparative cellulose-based material made on the papermachine at the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation. In an embodiment, the BCT85 is greater than a comparativebox compression strength CBCT85 measured at 85% relative humidity of acomparative container comprising comparative cellulose-based materialmade on the paper machine at the basis weight and lacking the wetstrength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in BCT85 for the container in comparison to thecomparative container. The synergistic increase in BCT85 for thecontainers of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the subsequentexamples and was unexpected.

The following numbered embodiments are contemplated and arenon-limiting:

1. A cellulose-based material comprising cellulosic fibers, wherein thecellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistrypreparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.

2. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is a paper-based material.

3. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is paper.

4. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is a paper board.

5. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is a medium.

6. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is a liner.

7. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is a containerboard.

8. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is recyclable.

9. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fiberscomprise virgin fibers.

10. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fiberscomprise recycled fibers.

11. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fiberscomprise a combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers.

12. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare capable of being recycled.

13. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial is capable of being recycled.

14. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation comprises an aldehyde functionalized polymer.

15. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM).

16. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers between 1-16 dry lbs/ton.

17. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton.

18. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.

19. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton.

20. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton.

21. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM isapplied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.

22. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the wet strengthchemistry preparation comprises a polyamide resin.

23. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is a polyamidoamine epihalohydrin resin.

24. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is selected from the group consisting of EPI-Polyamide resin,Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamideresin.

25. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE).

26. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers between 1-32 dry lbs/ton.

27. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers between 2-16 dry lbs/ton.

28. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton.

29. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.

30. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton.

31. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton.

32. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamideresin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.

33. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with a sizing agent.

34. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agentis an internal sizing agent.

35. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agentis a surface sizing agent.

36. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agentis alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA).

37. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agentis rosin.

38. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agentis alkyl ketene dimer (AKD).

39. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation at the same time.

40. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation sequentially.

41. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wetstrength chemistry preparation separately.

42. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation arecombined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.

43. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with an enzymatic preparation.

44. The cellulose-based material of clause 43, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the enzymaticpreparation comprises a polypeptide having amylase activity.

45. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare not treated with an enzymatic preparation.

46. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare treated with an anionic surface preparation.

47. The cellulose-based material of clause 46, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionicsurface preparation is an anionic polyacrylamide.

48. The cellulose-based material of clause 46, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionicsurface preparation is a copolymer of acrylamide and unsaturatedcarboxylic acid monomers, being (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid,crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or any combination thereof.

49. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibersare not treated with an anionic surface preparation.

50. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a short-span compression strength (SCT).

51. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT isgreater than a comparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

52. The cellulose-based material of clause 51, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a dry relative humidity.

53. The cellulose-based material of clause 51, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a high relative humidity.

54. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT isgreater than a comparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation.

55. The cellulose-based material of clause 54, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a dry relative humidity.

56. The cellulose-based material of clause 54, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a high relative humidity.

57. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT isgreater than a comparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wetstrength chemistry preparation.

58. The cellulose-based material of clause 57, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a dry relative humidity.

59. The cellulose-based material of clause 57, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTis observed at a high relative humidity.

60. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

61. The cellulose-based material of clause 60, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity.

62. The cellulose-based material of clause 60, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.

63. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a short-span compression strength index(SCT Index).

64. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index isgreater than a comparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

65. The cellulose-based material of clause 64, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a dry relative humidity.

66. The cellulose-based material of clause 64, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

67. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index isgreater than a comparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation.

68. The cellulose-based material of clause 67, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a dry relative humidity.

69. The cellulose-based material of clause 67, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

70. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index isgreater than a comparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wetstrength chemistry preparation.

71. The cellulose-based material of clause 70, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a dry relative humidity.

72. The cellulose-based material of clause 70, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

73. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

74. The cellulose-based material of clause 73, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in SCT Index is observed at a dry relative humidity.

75. The cellulose-based material of clause 73, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in SCT Index is observed at a high relative humidity.

76. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause,or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a Concora value.

77. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concoravalue is greater than a comparative Concora value for a comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein thecomparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lackingthe dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

78. The cellulose-based material of clause 77, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.

79. The cellulose-based material of clause 77, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

80. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concoravalue is greater than a comparative Concora value for a comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein thecomparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lackingthe dry strength chemistry preparation.

81. The cellulose-based material of clause 80, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.

82. The cellulose-based material of clause 80, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

83. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concoravalue is greater than a comparative Concora value for a comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein thecomparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lackingthe wet strength chemistry preparation.

84. The cellulose-based material of clause 83, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.

85. The cellulose-based material of clause 83, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greaterConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

86. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in the Concora value for the cellulose-basedmaterial in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

87. The cellulose-based material of clause 86, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in the Concora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.

88. The cellulose-based material of clause 86, any other suitableclause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergisticincrease in the Concora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

89. A container comprising a cellulose-based material comprisingcellulosic fibers, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with i) adry strength chemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistrypreparation.

90. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isa paper-based material.

91. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material ispaper.

92. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isa paper board.

93. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isa medium.

94. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isa liner.

95. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isa containerboard.

96. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material isrecyclable.

97. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the container is corrugatedcardboard.

98. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprisevirgin fibers.

99. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers compriserecycled fibers.

100. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprisea combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers.

101. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers arecapable of being recycled.

102. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the container is capable ofbeing recycled.

103. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation comprises an aldehyde functionalized polymer.

104. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM).

105. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers between 1-16 dry lbs/ton.

106. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton.

107. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.

108. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton.

109. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton.

110. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to thecellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.

111. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the wet strength chemistrypreparation comprises a polyamide resin.

112. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is apolyamidoamine epihalohydrin resin.

113. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is selectedfrom the group consisting of EPI-Polyamide resin,Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamideresin.

114. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin isPolyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE).

115. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers between 1-32 dry lbs/ton.

116. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers between 2-16 dry lbs/ton.

117. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers between 2-8 dry lbs/ton.

118. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.

119. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton.

120. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton.

121. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is appliedto the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.

122. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with a sizing agent.

123. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is an internalsizing agent.

124. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is a surfacesizing agent.

125. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkenylsuccinic anhydride (ASA).

126. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is rosin.

127. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkylketene dimer (AKD).

128. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation at the same time.

129. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation sequentially.

130. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation separately.

131. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation are combinedprior to treating the cellulosic fibers.

132. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with an enzymatic preparation.

133. The container of clause 132, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the enzymatic preparationcomprises a polypeptide having amylase activity.

134. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are nottreated with an enzymatic preparation.

135. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers aretreated with an anionic surface preparation.

136. The container of clause 135, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparationis an anionic polyacrylamide.

137. The container of clause 135, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparationis a copolymer of acrylamide and unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers,being (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, orany combination thereof.

138. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are nottreated with an anionic surface preparation.

139. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based materialhas a basis weight and a short-span compression strength (SCT).

140. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than acomparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.

141. The container of clause 140, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata dry relative humidity.

142. The container of clause 140, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata high relative humidity.

143. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than acomparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation.

144. The container of clause 143, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata dry relative humidity.

145. The container of clause 143, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata high relative humidity.

146. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than acomparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

147. The container of clause 146, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata dry relative humidity.

148. The container of clause 146, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed ata high relative humidity.

149. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

150. The container of clause 149, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCTis observed at a dry relative humidity.

151. The container of clause 149, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCTis observed at a high relative humidity. 152. The container of clause89, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses,wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and a short-spancompression strength index (SCT Index).

153. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than acomparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made onthe paper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-basedmaterial having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.

154. The container of clause 153, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

155. The container of clause 153, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a high relative humidity.

156. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than acomparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made onthe paper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-basedmaterial having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation.

157. The container of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

158. The container of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a high relative humidity.

159. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than acomparative SCT Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made onthe paper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-basedmaterial having the basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

160. The container of clause 159, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

161. The container of clause 159, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index isobserved at a high relative humidity.

162. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

163. The container of clause 162, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCTIndex is observed at a dry relative humidity.

164. The container of clause 162, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCTIndex is observed at a high relative humidity.

165. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based materialhas a basis weight and a Concora value.

166. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greaterthan a comparative Concora value for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistrypreparation.

167. The container of clause 166, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

168. The container of clause 166, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

169. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greaterthan a comparative Concora value for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation.

170. The container of clause 169, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

171. The container of clause 169, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

172. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greaterthan a comparative Concora value for a comparative cellulose-basedmaterial made on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparativecellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wetstrength chemistry preparation.

173. The container of clause 172, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a dry relative humidity.

174. The container of clause 172, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value isobserved at a high relative humidity.

175. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in the Concora value for the cellulose-basedmaterial in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.

176. The container of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in theConcora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.

177. The container of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in theConcora value is observed at a high relative humidity.

178. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the container has a boxcompression strength (BCT50) measured at 50% relative humidity.

179. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT50) measured at 50% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation.

180. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT50) measured at 50% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation.

181. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT50) measured at 50% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation.

182. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in BCT50 for the container in comparison to thecomparative container.

183. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the container has a boxcompression strength (BCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity.

184. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT85 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT85) measured at 858% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation.

185. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT85 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT85) measured at 85% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation.

186. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than acomparative box compression strength (CBCT85) measured at 85% relativehumidity of a comparative container comprising comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weightand lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation.

187. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or anycombination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in BCT85 for the container in comparison to thecomparative container.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Paper Trial #1 [Mill A]

An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspectsof the present disclosure is provided in the instant example.Evaluations in the instant example include short-span compressionstrength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.

For the instant example, several different cellulose-based materialswith a basis weight of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of thedifferent cellulose-based materials included varying the basis weight ofthe material, the presence of a wet strength chemistry preparation, andthe presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.

The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36 werecompared to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 ora basis weight of 45. The evaluations of the other cellulose-basedmaterials (i.e., with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight of 45) arebased on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial #1.

The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials arepresented in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 36   8.5 0 2 36 4 4 3 36 4 8 4 40 0 0 5 40 3-4*0 6 45 0 0 7 45 3-4* 0 *Average wet strength added; modified as wetstrength concentrations stabilized in the system.

As an exemplary procedure, cellulose-based material can be producedusing an aqueous slurry comprising cellulosic fibers. The generalprocess for making cellulose-based material is well known in the art andcan utilize starting materials such as trees, logs, and/or chips toprovide the cellulosic fibers. Such starting materials are heated in a“defibering” method and the resultant cellulosic fibers are then furtherprocessed with water to form the aqueous slurry. The general process formaking cellulose-based materials is described, for instance, in U.S.Pat. Nos. 7,648,772 and 7,682,486, both herein incorporated by referencein their entireties.

For instance, virgin fibers, recycled fibers (e.g., old corrugatedcontainers, other recycled paper products, and the like), orcombinations thereof can be used in the aqueous slurry. The aqueousslurry can also comprise, for example, water, mechanical fibers (e.g.,NSSC), ash content, and other materials known in the art.

The wet strength chemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistrypreparation are then added to the aqueous slurry. The wet strengthchemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistry preparation can beadded to the aqueous slurry separately or together and can also be addedto the aqueous slurry in any order.

Following the combination of ingredients, the aqueous slurry is formedinto a web and then dried to produce the cellulose-based material.

The cellulose-based materials were evaluated for SCT values according tothe procedures of TAPPI 826, entitled “Short span compression strengthof containerboard.” The SCT evaluation can determine the edgewisecompressive strength of cellulose-based materials such as paperboardwith a span-to-thickness ratio of 5 or less (basis wt. 20 #/msf orgreater.) A L&W 152 STFI Tester can be utilized as equipment for the SCTevaluation.

The cellulose-based materials were evaluated for SCT Index bycalculating the average SCT value divided by the average weight of thesample (i.e., basis weight). For basis weight determinations, theprocedures of TAPPI T 410, entitled “Grammage of paper and paperboard(weight per unit area),” were utilized. For instance, a Toledo BasisWeight Scale or Mettler analytical balance can be utilized as equipmentfor the basis weight evaluation.

The cellulose-based materials were evaluated for Concora valuesaccording to the procedures of TAPPI 809, entitled “Flat crush ofcorrugating medium (CMT Test).” Testing of flat crush resistance isnecessary to prevent crushing the structure on the corrugator orfinishing equipment, and Concora evaluation allows for testing prior tofabrication of board or containers from the cellulose-based materials.Concora evaluation is also utilized for determining fabricationefficiency.

A L&W SE 108 Sample Die Cutter, a fluter, and a L&W Crust Tester code248 can be utilized as equipment for the Concora evaluation.

The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-basedmaterials are presented in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Material Basis Wet Dry SCT No. Weight Strength Strength SCTIndex Concora 1 36   8.5 0 19.4 0.545 65 2 36 4 4 21.1 0.596 80 3 36 4 822.0 0.621 88 4 40 0 0 19.8 0.508 66 5 40 3-4* 0 21.2 0.530 77 6 45 0 023 0.526 71 7 45 3-4* 0 22.9 0.515 82 *Average wet strength added;modified as wet strength concentrations stabilized in the system.

As shown in Table 2, the cellulose-based material in accordance with thepresent disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-basedmaterials. First, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparationdemonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values comparedto other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance withthe present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,demonstrated superior or similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora valuescompared to other cellulose-based materials prepared with a higher basisweight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a lower basis weight, whenprepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better thancomparative cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. Thisimproved performance provides an advantage in that cellulose-basedmaterial prepared in accordance with the present disclosure uses atleast 10% less material to generate a product with desirablecharacteristics compared to traditional paper-making procedures.

Example 2 Paper Trial #2 [Mill B]

An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspectsof the present disclosure is provided in the instant example.Evaluations in the instant example include short-span compressionstrength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.

For the instant example, different cellulose-based materials with abasis weight of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of thedifferent cellulose-based materials included varying the basis weight ofthe material, the presence of a wet strength chemistry preparation, andthe presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.

The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36 werecompared to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 ora basis weight of 45. The evaluations of the other cellulose-basedmaterials (i.e., with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight of 45) arebased on average production runs at a similar mill to Paper Trial #2.

The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials arepresented in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 36 3.5 0 2 36 3.5 4 3 40 0 0 4 40 3-4* 0 5 45 00 6 45 3-4* 0 *Average wet strength added; modified as wet strengthconcentrations stabilized in the system.

The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the instantexample were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods ofevaluating SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values were identical to those inExample 1.

The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-basedmaterials are presented in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Material Basis Wet Dry SCT No. Weight Strength Strength SCTIndex Concora 1 36 3.5 0 19.6 0.554 68 2 36 3.5 4 21.9 0.617 70 3 40 0 019.8 0.508 66 4 40 3-4* 0 21.2 0.530 77 5 45 0 0 23 0.526 71 6 45 3-4* 022.9 0.515 82 *Average wet strength added; modified as wet strengthconcentrations stabilized in the system.

As shown in Table 4, the cellulose-based material in accordance with thepresent disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-basedmaterials. First, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparationdemonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values comparedto other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance withthe present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,demonstrated superior or similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora valuescompared to other cellulose-based materials prepared with a higher basisweight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a lower basis weight, whenprepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better thancomparative cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. Thisimproved performance provides an advantage in that cellulose-basedmaterial prepared in accordance with the present disclosure uses atleast 10% less material to generate a product with desirablecharacteristics compared to traditional paper-making procedures.

Example 3 Paper Trial #3 [Mill C]

An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspectsof the present disclosure is provided in the instant example.Evaluations in the instant example include short-span compressionstrength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.

For the instant example, several different cellulose-based materialswith a basis weight of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of thedifferent cellulose-based materials included varying the basis weight ofthe material, the presence of a wet strength chemistry preparation, andthe presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.

The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36 werecompared to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 ora basis weight of 45. The evaluations of the other cellulose-basedmaterials (i.e., with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight of 45) arebased on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial #3.

The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials arepresented in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (dryIbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 36 3.2 0 2 36 3.2 4 3 36 3.2 8 4 40 0 0 5 403-4* 0 6 45 0 0 7 45 3-4* 0 *Average wet strength added; modified as wetstrength concentrations stabilized in the system.

The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the instantexample were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods ofevaluating SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values were identical to those inExample 1.

The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-basedmaterials are presented in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Material Basis Wet Dry SCT No. Weight Strength Strength SCTIndex Concora 1 36 3.2 0 19.5 0.559 65 2 36 3.2 4 21.2 0.592 73 3 36 3.28 22.5 0.628 76 4 40 0 0 20.4 0.523 74 5 40 3-4* 0 20.6 0.521 78.5 6 450 0 23.5 0.533 77 7 45 3-4* 0 24.3 0.546 84 *Average wet strength added;modified as wet strength concentrations stabilized in the system.

As shown in Table 6, the cellulose-based material in accordance with thepresent disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-basedmaterials. First, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparationdemonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values comparedto other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance withthe present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,demonstrated superior or similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora valuescompared to other cellulose-based materials prepared with a higher basisweight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a lower basis weight, whenprepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better thancomparative cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. Thisimproved performance provides an advantage in that cellulose-basedmaterial prepared in accordance with the present disclosure uses atleast 10% less material to generate a product with desirablecharacteristics compared to traditional paper-making procedures.

Example 4 Paper Trial #4 [Mill B]

An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspectsof the present disclosure is provided in the instant example.Evaluations in the instant example include short-span compressionstrength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.

For the instant example, several different cellulose-based materialswith a basis weight of 23 were prepared and compared. Preparation of thedifferent cellulose-based materials included varying the basis weight ofthe material, the presence of a wet strength chemistry preparation, andthe presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.

The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 23 werecompared to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 26 ora basis weight of 30. The evaluations of the other cellulose-basedmaterials (i.e., with a basis weight of 26 or a basis weight of 30) arebased on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial #4.

The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials arepresented in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 23 4 0 2 23 4 2 3 23 4 4 4 23 4 8 5 26 0 0 6 300 0

The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the instantexample were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods ofevaluating SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values were identical to those inExample 1.

The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-basedmaterials are presented in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Material Basis Wet Dry SCT No. Weight Strength Strength SCTIndex Concora 1 23 4 0 13.4 0.561 45 2 23 4 2 14.2 0.592 51 3 23 4 413.9 0.580 53 4 23 4 8 16.0 0.661 54 5 26 0 0 12.9 0.520 48 6 30 0 015.0 0.521 56

As shown in Table 8, the cellulose-based material in accordance with thepresent disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-basedmaterials. First, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparationdemonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values comparedto other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance withthe present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,demonstrated superior or similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora valuescompared to other cellulose-based materials prepared with a higher basisweight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a lower basis weight, whenprepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better thancomparative cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. Thisimproved performance provides an advantage in that cellulose-basedmaterial prepared in accordance with the present disclosure uses atleast 10% less material to generate a product with desirablecharacteristics compared to traditional paper-making procedures.

Example 5 Container Trial #1 [Plant D]

An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in theinstant example include box compression strength measured at 50%relative humidity (BCT50) and box compression strength measured at 85%relative humidity (BCT85).

For the instant example, different containers were prepared usingvarious cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of thecontainers comprised different cellulose-based materials that varied thebasis weight of the material and the presence and amount of a drystrength chemistry preparation.

The same liner rolls (56 lb liner) were utilized for each container fromthe various mill containers.

The characteristics of the different containers are presented in Table9.

TABLE 9 Container Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Identifier Weight(dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 Reg CG 36 36 3.5 0 [Plant B] 2 CG 2.0 3636 3.5 4 [Plant B] 3 Reg CG 36 36 3.2 0 [Plant C] 4 CG 2.0 36 36 3.2 4[Plant C] 5 Reg CG 23 23 4 0 [Plant B] 6 CG 2.0 23 23 4 4 [Plant B]

Using the various cellulose-based materials, a Corrugator can be used toproduce corrugated sheets. A Corrugator can range from about 250 toabout 400 feet long with a width range from about 67 inches to about 132inches. Typical Corrugators can include a Single Facer section whereinthe top liner can be adjoined with starch to a medium that has beencorrugated via corrugating rolls. Corrugators are known to the skilledartisan and can include, for example, those manufactured by United, BHS,MHI, Fosber, and the like.

The second side liner can then be adhered using starch to the singleface sheet in a “Doublefacer” or “Doublebacker” apparatus. The resultantcombined board sheet can then be cut into specified widths and can bescored for folding in the container-making process. A cutoff knife canbe used to cut the container to the desired length. Typically, aCorrugator can operate at a speed from about 600 to about 1200 feet perminute (fpm) and can be varied according to the general knowledge in theart.

Thereafter, combined board sheets can then be processed through aprimary finishing process, depending on the desired end use. Forinstance, a Flexo Folder Gluer finishing process or Die Cuttingequipment could be utilized. A Flexo Folder Gluer can include a feedsection, print section, slotter-scorer, and a folder gluer section. Adie cutter can be, for example, rotary or platen (flatbed) and producesslotted carton containers that are typically not glued.

The cellulose-based materials can be evaluated for BCT50 valuesaccording to the procedures of TAPPI T-804 om-06, entitled “CompressionTest of Fiberboard Shipping Containers.” The containers can beconditioned at a temperature of 73° F. and 50% relative humidity for theBCT50 evaluation, as it is important to provide uniform moisture contentfor the testing (see T402, entitled “Standard conditioning and testingatmospheres for paper, board, pulp hand sheets, and related products”).

First, the containers can be subjected to preconditioning in apreconditioning chamber. Temperature and humidity preconditioning can beperformed overnight or for at least 2 hours (e.g., liner, medium, bag,or other cellulose-based materials), at least 7 hours (e.g., corrugatedboard, solid fiber, or open containers), at least 14 hours (e.g., sealedcontainers), or 72 hours (e.g., vapor resistant (waxed) board andcontainers).

Thereafter, containers are removed from the preconditioning chamber andplaced into conditioning. Temperature and humidity conditioning can beperformed overnight or for at least 4 hours (e.g., liner, medium, bag,or other cellulose-based materials), at least 8 hours (e.g., corrugatedboard, solid fiber, or open containers), at least 16 hours (e.g., sealedcontainers), or 72 hours (e.g., vapor resistant (waxed) board andcontainers).

The BCT50 evaluation can measure the ability of containers, such ascorrugated or solid fiber shipping containers, to resist externalcompressive forces. A higher BCT50 value is desirable because externalcompressive forces may be encountered in stacking the containers or intransporting the containers.

An Emerson Tester Model 6210 and/or an Emerson Model 8510 can beutilized as compression tester equipment for the BCT50 evaluation. Thecontainer can be placed at the center of the bottom platen of thecompression tester. Then, a preload can be applied to the container, forinstance 50 pounds on a singlewall container, 100 pounds on a doublewallcontainer, or 500 pounds on bulk bins. The load can continue to beapplied to the container at the rate of 0.5 inches (13+/−2.5 mm) untilfailure occurs, as evidenced by one or both of i) falling back frommaximum load of 25% or ii) deflection exceeding 0.75 inches or greater.Thereafter, the maximum compression and deflection or the compression atthe specified deflection can be recorded for the evaluated container.

BCT85 evaluations are conducted in a similar manner as the BCT50evaluations, except that the containers can be conditioned at atemperature of 40° F. and 85% relative humidity prior to compressiontesting.

The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with differentcellulose-based materials are presented in Table 10.

TABLE 10 Container Basis Wet Dry No. Weight Strength Strength BCT50BCT85 1 36 3.5 0 1009 549 2 36 3.5 4 1102 642 3 36 3.2 0 1076 586 4 363.2 4 1006 636 5 23 4 0 501 317 6 23 4 4 547 345

As shown in Table 10, the containers in accordance with the presentdisclosure were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of adry strength chemistry preparation in the cellulose-based materials thatprepared the containers demonstrated an increase in BCT50 and BCT85values compared to the comparison containers made with cellulose-basedmaterials that did not include a dry strength chemistry preparation.

Example 6 Container Trial #2 [Plant A]

An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in theinstant example include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCTIndex, box compression strength measured at 50% relative humidity(BCT50) and box compression strength measured at 85% relative humidity(BCT85).

For the instant example, different containers were prepared usingvarious cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of thecontainers comprised different cellulose-based materials that varied thebasis weight of the material and the presence and amount of a drystrength chemistry preparation. The process for preparing the containersfor the instant example were similar to those for Example 5.

The characteristics of the different containers are presented in Table11.

TABLE 11 Container Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 35.63 8.5 0 2 35.40 4 4 3 35.40 4 8

The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with differentcellulose-based materials are presented in Table 12.

TABLE 12 Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Index BCT % No. Weight StrengthStrength (lbf/in) (SCT/BW) BCT50 BCT85 Loss 1 35.63 8.5 0 19.4 0.54987.6 753.2 23.7 2 35.40 4 4 21.0 0.59 1037.7 882.2 15.0 3 35.40 4 822.0 0.62 1080.9 908.4 16.0

As shown in Table 12, the containers in accordance with the presentdisclosure were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of adry strength chemistry preparation in the cellulose-based materials thatprepared the containers demonstrated an increase in SCT and SCT Indexvalues compared to the comparison containers made with cellulose-basedmaterials that did not include a dry strength chemistry preparation.Furthermore, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation in thecellulose-based materials that prepared the containers demonstrated anincrease in BCT50 and BCT85 values compared to the comparison containersmade with cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

Example 7 Container Trial #3 [Plant C]

An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in theinstant example include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCTIndex, box compression strength measured at 50% relative humidity(BCT50), and box compression strength measured at 85% relative humidity(BCT85).

For the instant example, different containers were prepared usingvarious cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of thecontainers comprised different cellulose-based materials that varied thebasis weight of the material and the presence and amount of a drystrength chemistry preparation. The process for preparing the containersfor the instant example were similar to those for Example 5.

The characteristics of the different containers are presented in Table13.

TABLE 13 Container Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 34.4 0 0 2 34.9 3.2 0 3 35.8 3.2 4 4 34.9 3.2 8

The process for preparing the containers for the instant example weresimilar to those for Example 6. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,SCT Index, BCT50, and BCT85 values were identical to those in Example 6.

The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with differentcellulose-based materials are presented in Table 14.

TABLE 14 Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Index BCT % No. Weight StrengthStrength (lbf/in) (SCT/BW) BCT50 BCT85 Loss 1 34.4 0 0 19.5 0.57 1005.8567.6 43.6 2 34.9 3.2 0 19.5 0.56 1076.7 586.2 45.6 3 35.8 3.2 4 21.20.59 1006.4 636.2 36.8 4 34.9 3.2 8 22.5 0.64 1087.2 679.3 37.5

As shown in Table 14, the containers in accordance with the presentdisclosure were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of adry strength chemistry preparation in the cellulose-based materials thatprepared the containers demonstrated an increase in SCT and SCT Indexvalues compared to the comparison containers made with cellulose-basedmaterials that did not include a dry strength chemistry preparation.Furthermore, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation in thecellulose-based materials that prepared the containers demonstrated anincrease in BCT50 and BCT85 values compared to the comparison containersmade with cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation.

Example 8 Container Trial #4 [Plant B]

An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in theinstant example include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCTIndex, box compression strength measured at 50% relative humidity(BCT50), and box compression strength measured at 85% relative humidity(BCT85).

For the instant example, different containers were prepared usingvarious cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of thecontainers comprised different cellulose-based materials that varied thebasis weight of the material, the presence of a wet strength chemistrypreparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistrypreparation. The process for preparing the containers for the instantexample were similar to those for Example 5.

The characteristics of the different containers are presented in Table15.

TABLE 15 Container Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 35.4 3.5 0 2 35.5 3.5 4 3 23.9 4 0 4 24.0 4 2 524.0 4 4 6 24.2 4 8 7 23.6 0 4

The process for preparing the containers for the instant example weresimilar to those for Example 6. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,SCT Index, BCT50, and BCT85 values were identical to those in Example 6.

The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with differentcellulose-based materials are presented in Table 16.

TABLE 16 % Box Strength Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Index BCT %Improvement at No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) (SCT/BW) BCT50BCT85 Loss High Humidity 1 35.4 3.5 0 19.6 0.55 1009.9 549.3 45.6 2 35.53.5 4 21.9 0.62 1101.8 642.3 41.7 3 23.9 4 0 13.4 0.56 501.0 317.2 36.70 4 24.0 4 2 14.2 0.59 535.9 333.5 37.8 4.89 5 24.0 4 4 13.9 0.58 546.7345.0 36.9 8.06 6 24.2 4 8 16.0 0.66 532.9 341.6 35.9 7.14 7 23.6 0 413.8 0.58 520.5 327.4 37.1 3.12

As shown in Table 16, the containers in accordance with the presentdisclosure were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of adry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet strength preparation inthe cellulose-based materials that prepared the containers demonstratedan increase in SCT and SCT Index values compared to the comparisoncontainers made with cellulose-based materials that did not include adry strength chemistry preparation. Furthermore, inclusion of a drystrength chemistry preparation plus a wet strength preparation in thecellulose-based materials that prepared the containers demonstrated anincrease in BCT50 and BCT85 values compared to the comparison containersmade with cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strengthchemistry preparation. FIG. 2 depicts that a higher BCT at 85% relativehumidity RH was observed for containers prepared using a combination ofa dry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet strength preparation inthe cellulose-based materials.

Furthermore, a synergistic effect in strength improvement was observedfor containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistrypreparation plus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-basedmaterials. These effects as demonstrated by Table 16, and as depicted inFIG. 3, were unexpected.

Example 9 Paper Trial #5

An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspectsof the present disclosure is provided in the instant example.Evaluations in the instant example include short-span compressionstrength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.

For the instant example, several different cellulose-based materialswere prepared and compared. Preparation of the different cellulose-basedmaterials included varying the basis weight of the material, thepresence and amount of a wet strength chemistry preparation, and thepresence and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.

The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials arepresented in Table 17.

TABLE 17 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength No. Weight (drylbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) 1 37.89 0 0 2 37.60 4 0 3 37.83 8 0 4 36.22 0 4 536.43 0 6 6 36.61 0 8 7 37.06 8 4 8 37.14 8 8

The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the instantexample were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods ofevaluating SCT, SCT Index, and related calculations were identical tothose in Example 1.

The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-basedmaterials are presented in Table 18.

TABLE 18 Material Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength SCT SCT (BW normalized% Strength No. Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton) SCT Index to 36lbs/1000 ft²) Improvement 1 37.89 0 0 19.28 0.51 18.36 0.00 2 37.60 4 019.15 0.51 18.36 0.00 3 37.83 8 0 20.29 0.54 19.44 5.88 4 36.22 0 419.32 0.53 19.08 3.92 5 36.43 0 6 18.57 0.51 18.36 0.00 6 36.61 0 819.15 0.52 18.72 1.96 7 37.06 8 4 20.68 0.56 20.16 9.80 8 37.14 8 821.32 0.57 20.52 11.76

As shown in Table 18, the cellulose-based material in accordance withthe present disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-basedmaterials. First, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation plusa wet strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT andSCT Index compared to other cellulose-based materials that did notinclude a dry strength chemistry preparation. Second, as shown in FIG.4, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet strengthchemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT when normalized to36 lbs/1000 ft² compared to other cellulose-based materials that did notinclude a dry strength chemistry preparation.

Furthermore, a synergistic effect in strength improvement was observedfor containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistrypreparation plus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-basedmaterials. These effects as demonstrated by Table 18, and as depicted inFIG. 5, were unexpected.

1. A cellulose-based material comprising cellulosic fibers, wherein thecellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistrypreparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation, wherein thedry strength chemistry preparation comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide(GPAM).
 2. The cellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein thecellulose-based material is capable of being recycled.
 3. (canceled) 4.The cellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein the wet strengthchemistry preparation comprises a polyamide resin.
 5. Thecellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a short-span compression strength (SCT),and wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a comparativecellulose-based material made on a paper-making machine, wherein thecomparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lackingthe dry strength chemistry preparation.
 6. The cellulose-based materialof claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight anda short-span compression strength (SCT), and wherein the dry strengthchemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation providea synergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
 7. Thecellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a short-span compression strength index(SCT Index), and wherein the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCTIndex for a comparative cellulose-based material made on thepaper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based materialhaving the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation.
 8. The cellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein thecellulose-based material has a basis weight and a short-span compressionstrength index (SCT Index), and wherein the dry strength chemistrypreparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation provide asynergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-based material incomparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
 9. Thecellulose-based material of claim 1, wherein the cellulose-basedmaterial has a basis weight and a Concora value, and wherein the Concoravalue is greater than a comparative Concora value for a comparativecellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein thecomparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lackingthe dry strength chemistry preparation.
 10. The cellulose-based materialof claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight anda Concora value, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and thewet strength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in theConcora value for the cellulose-based material in comparison to thecomparative cellulose-based material.
 11. A container comprising acellulose-based material comprising cellulosic fibers, wherein thecellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistrypreparation comprising glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) and ii) a wetstrength chemistry preparation.
 12. The container of claim 11, whereinthe cellulose-based material is capable of being recycled. 13.(canceled)
 14. The container of claim 11, wherein the wet strengthchemistry preparation comprises a polyamide resin.
 15. The container ofclaim 11, wherein the container further comprises a sizing agent. 16.The container of claim 15, wherein the sizing agent is selected from thegroup consisting of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), rosin, and alkylketene dimer (AKD).
 17. The container of claim 11, wherein the containerhas a box compression strength (BCT50) measured at 50% relativehumidity, and wherein the BCT50 is greater than a comparative boxcompression strength (CBCT50) measured at 50% relative humidity of acomparative container comprising comparative cellulose-based materialmade on the paper machine at the basis weight and lacking the drystrength chemistry preparation.
 18. The container of claim 11, whereinthe container has a box compression strength (BCT50) measured at 50%relative humidity, and wherein the dry strength chemistry preparationand the wet strength chemistry preparation provide a synergisticincrease in BCT50 for the container in comparison to the comparativecontainer.
 19. The container of claim 11, wherein the container has abox compression strength (BCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity, andwherein the BCT85 is greater than a comparative box compression strength(CBCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity of a comparative containercomprising comparative cellulose-based material made on the papermachine at the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistrypreparation.
 20. The container of claim 11, wherein the container has abox compression strength (BCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity, andwherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strengthchemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in BCT85 for thecontainer in comparison to the comparative container.